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These corals are dead—smothered in sediments and overgrown with algae.
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Dead Coral Overgrown with Algae

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A coral reef covered by silt and sand in the Western Pacific Ocean.
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Coral Reef Covered by Silt and Sand

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What is coral? The answer is coral is an animal. This cutaway diagram of a coral polyp shows the location of its photosynthetic algae, or zooxanthellae, which coral needs to survive.
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What Is Coral? A Coral Polyp and Zooxanthellae

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Close-up photograph of translucent coral polyps, showing the symbiotic algae living inside.
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Zooxanthellae and Coral Bleaching

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Compare the healthy coral on the left with the bleached coral on the right.
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Bleached Corals, Pacific Ocean

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A bluefin trevally swims in Hawaii’s Maro Coral Reef, part of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.
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Two Views of Coral Reefs: Thriving and Threatened

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The fringe of a white Christmas tree worm.
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White Christmas Tree Worm

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coral polyps
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Healthy Coral Polyps

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Colorful Christmas tree worms
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A Forest of Christmas Tree Worms

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Dr. J. Murray Roberts photographed these living polyps from the Mingulay Reef Complex off Scotland in aquaria in 2010.
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Lophelia Pertusa Coral Polyps

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Shallow water coral reefs straddle the equator worldwide.
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Global Distribution of Shallow Coral Reef Ecosystems

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The staghorn coral is listed as Threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. It is one of 22 coral species listed.
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Staghorn Coral

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