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Acidic waters are also able to completely dissolve coral skeletons.
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Dissolving Coral Skeleton in Acidic Waters

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For three weeks, the MV Chertan is home-base for the scientific team and will be transformed in a laboratory to study the effect of the CO2 seeps on reefs.
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MV Chertain Lab Boat

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Intense volcanic CO2 vents in Ili Ili Bua Bua, Normanby Island, Papua New Guinea.
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Carbon Dioxide Volcanic Seep

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Photo of coral polyp, with a single bleach polyp.
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Corals Threatened by Acid Seas

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The acidic waters from the CO2 seeps can dissolve shells and also make it harder for shells to grow in the first place.
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Dissolving Shell

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Where the pH is the lowest, corals can no longer grow - sand, rubble and seagrasses replace the reef.
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Lonely Seagrass in Acidic Waters

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GEOMAR scientist Armin Form works at his lab during a long-term experiment on the effects of lower pH, higher temperatures and "food stress" on the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa.
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Deep-water Corals and Acidification

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Researchers can study ocean acidification in the lab by rearing organisms (here, Lophelia deep-sea corals) in seawater with variable pH and measuring if they grow, eat, breathe, reproduce, or develop differently.
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Studying Acidification in the Lab

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By pumping enormous test tubes that are 60-feet deep and hold almost 15,000 gallons of water with carbon dioxide to make the water inside more acidic, researchers can study how zooplankton, phytoplankton and other small organisms will adapt in the wild.
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Studying Acidification in the Field

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A shell placed in seawater with increased acidity slowly dissolves over 45 days.
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Ocean Acidification

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Many species of pink coralline algae, which cements coral reefs together, cover a reef surface in the Southern Line Islands.
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Coralline Algae: The Unsung Architects of Coral Reefs

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Tiny organisms found on ARMS
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Traveling Around the World to Study the Future of the Ocean

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